{"product_id":"follistatin344-5mg-vial","title":"Follistatin344 5mg vial","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003e                                        \u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003eNOT \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003eFOR HUMAN \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0); text-decoration: underline;\"\u003eCONSUMPTION\u003cmeta charset=\"UTF-8\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"899\" data-start=\"58\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFollistatin-344 \u003c\/strong\u003eis the 344–amino-acid \u003cstrong data-end=\"160\" data-start=\"129\"\u003epre-pro–follistatin isoform\u003c\/strong\u003e encoded by the human \u003cstrong data-end=\"189\" data-start=\"182\"\u003eFST\u003c\/strong\u003e gene. After secretion-signal removal and proteolytic processing, FS-344 yields the circulating \u003cstrong data-end=\"313\" data-start=\"285\"\u003efollistatin-315 (FS-315)\u003c\/strong\u003e glycoprotein; an alternative splice variant, \u003cstrong data-end=\"369\" data-start=\"359\"\u003eFS-288\u003c\/strong\u003e, is more heparan-sulfate–bound and tissue-retained. Follistatin is a \u003cstrong data-end=\"454\" data-start=\"439\"\u003eligand trap\u003c\/strong\u003e for \u003cstrong data-end=\"502\" data-start=\"459\"\u003eactivins (A\/B), myostatin\/GDF-8, GDF-11\u003c\/strong\u003e and some \u003cstrong data-end=\"520\" data-start=\"512\"\u003eBMPs\u003c\/strong\u003e, preventing their engagement of \u003cstrong data-end=\"573\" data-start=\"553\"\u003eActRIIA\/B–ALK4\/5\u003c\/strong\u003ereceptors and downstream \u003cstrong data-end=\"610\" data-start=\"599\"\u003eSMAD2\/3\u003c\/strong\u003e signalling. Functionally, this \u003cstrong data-end=\"669\" data-start=\"642\"\u003ede-represses myogenesis\u003c\/strong\u003e, reduces catabolic signalling, and can remodel fibrosis and inflammation. In translational work, “\u003cstrong data-end=\"782\" data-start=\"768\"\u003eAAV1-FS344\u003c\/strong\u003e” denotes a gene-therapy cassette that drives \u003cstrong data-end=\"838\" data-start=\"828\"\u003eFS-315\u003c\/strong\u003e expression after in-vivo processing. \u003cem data-end=\"899\" data-start=\"876\"\u003eNot FDA\/EMA-approved.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"904\" data-start=\"901\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"972\" data-start=\"906\"\u003eAdditional Benefits of Follistatin-344 Now Under Investigation\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"_tableContainer_sk2ct_1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"_tableWrapper_sk2ct_13 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-end=\"3733\" data-start=\"974\"\u003e\n\u003cthead data-end=\"1002\" data-start=\"974\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"1002\" data-start=\"974\"\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"984\" data-start=\"974\"\u003eBenefit\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"xl\" data-end=\"1002\" data-start=\"984\"\u003eKey take-aways\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody data-end=\"3733\" data-start=\"1013\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"1471\" data-start=\"1013\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"1051\" data-start=\"1013\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1050\" data-start=\"1015\"\u003e1 Muscle hypertrophy \u0026amp; strength\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"xl\" data-end=\"1471\" data-start=\"1051\"\u003eSkeletal-muscle overexpression of FS (via AAV1-FS344 or protein delivery) \u003cstrong data-end=\"1171\" data-start=\"1127\"\u003eincreases muscle mass and specific force\u003c\/strong\u003e in multiple rodent models; early \u003cstrong data-end=\"1243\" data-start=\"1205\"\u003ephase 1\/2 intramuscular AAV1-FS344\u003c\/strong\u003e studies in \u003cstrong data-end=\"1308\" data-start=\"1255\"\u003eBecker muscular dystrophy\/inclusion-body myositis\u003c\/strong\u003e reported acceptable safety and \u003cstrong data-end=\"1386\" data-start=\"1340\"\u003esignal for strength\/functional improvement\u003c\/strong\u003e in exploratory endpoints. \u0026lt;br\/\u0026gt;\u003cem data-end=\"1469\" data-start=\"1418\"\u003eScience Translational Medicine; Molecular Therapy\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"1806\" data-start=\"1472\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"1515\" data-start=\"1472\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1514\" data-start=\"1474\"\u003e2 Anti-myostatin\/activin axis relief\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"xl\" data-end=\"1806\" data-start=\"1515\"\u003eFollistatin \u003cstrong data-end=\"1568\" data-start=\"1529\"\u003eneutralises myostatin and activin A\u003c\/strong\u003e, lowering \u003cstrong data-end=\"1606\" data-start=\"1579\"\u003eSMAD2\/3 phosphorylation\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong data-end=\"1635\" data-start=\"1611\"\u003eup-shifting Akt–mTOR\u003c\/strong\u003e and myogenic programmes (MyoD, myogenin), culminating in fibre hypertrophy and reduced atrogene expression (MAFbx\/MuRF1). \u0026lt;br\/\u0026gt;\u003cem data-end=\"1804\" data-start=\"1763\"\u003eNature; Journal of Biological Chemistry\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"2041\" data-start=\"1807\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"1843\" data-start=\"1807\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"1842\" data-start=\"1809\"\u003e3 Sarcopenia \u0026amp; frailty models\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"xl\" data-end=\"2041\" data-start=\"1843\"\u003eIn aged mice, FS delivery \u003cstrong data-end=\"1927\" data-start=\"1871\"\u003eimproves muscle mass, grip strength and gait metrics\u003c\/strong\u003e, with partial reversal of anabolic resistance and mitochondrial quality control. \u0026lt;br\/\u0026gt;\u003cem data-end=\"2039\" data-start=\"2014\"\u003eAging Cell; Geroscience\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"2314\" data-start=\"2042\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"2075\" data-start=\"2042\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2074\" data-start=\"2044\"\u003e4 Metabolic re-programming\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"xl\" data-end=\"2314\" data-start=\"2075\"\u003eFS-driven myofibre remodeling associates with \u003cstrong data-end=\"2186\" data-start=\"2123\"\u003elower adiposity, improved glucose tolerance and adiponectin\u003c\/strong\u003e in diet-induced obesity; hepatic lipid handling and inflammatory cytokines trend favourably. \u0026lt;br\/\u0026gt;\u003cem data-end=\"2312\" data-start=\"2285\"\u003eCell Metabolism; Diabetes\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"2617\" data-start=\"2315\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"2345\" data-start=\"2315\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2344\" data-start=\"2317\"\u003e5 Anti-fibrotic effects\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"xl\" data-end=\"2617\" data-start=\"2345\"\u003eBy antagonising activin\/TGF-β-family cues, follistatin \u003cstrong data-end=\"2433\" data-start=\"2402\"\u003ereduces collagen deposition\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong data-end=\"2473\" data-start=\"2438\"\u003econnective-tissue growth factor\u003c\/strong\u003e in injured muscle; anti-fibrotic signals are also reported in \u003cstrong data-end=\"2560\" data-start=\"2536\"\u003eliver and myocardium\u003c\/strong\u003e preclinically. \u0026lt;br\/\u0026gt;\u003cem data-end=\"2615\" data-start=\"2581\"\u003eHepatology; Circulation Research\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"2880\" data-start=\"2618\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"2667\" data-start=\"2618\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2666\" data-start=\"2620\"\u003e6 Satellite-cell activation \u0026amp; regeneration\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"xl\" data-end=\"2880\" data-start=\"2667\"\u003eFS enhances \u003cstrong data-end=\"2719\" data-start=\"2681\"\u003ePax7⁺ satellite-cell proliferation\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong data-end=\"2752\" data-start=\"2724\"\u003emyoblast differentiation\u003c\/strong\u003e, accelerating regeneration after cardiotoxin\/crush injury and improving force recovery. \u0026lt;br\/\u0026gt;\u003cem data-end=\"2878\" data-start=\"2846\"\u003eDevelopment; Stem Cell Reports\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"3170\" data-start=\"2881\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"2936\" data-start=\"2881\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"2935\" data-start=\"2883\"\u003e7 Orthopaedic\/cartilage protection (exploratory)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"xl\" data-end=\"3170\" data-start=\"2936\"\u003eIn osteoarthritis-like models, activin blockade \u003cstrong data-end=\"3048\" data-start=\"2986\"\u003eattenuates synovial inflammation and cartilage degradation\u003c\/strong\u003e; tendon-healing data are early and heterogeneous. \u0026lt;br\/\u0026gt;\u003cem data-end=\"3168\" data-start=\"3104\"\u003eOsteoarthritis and Cartilage; Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"3432\" data-start=\"3171\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"3207\" data-start=\"3171\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"3206\" data-start=\"3173\"\u003e8 Cardiac remodelling signals\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"xl\" data-end=\"3432\" data-start=\"3207\"\u003ePost-infarct or pressure-overload rodents show \u003cstrong data-end=\"3304\" data-start=\"3256\"\u003esmaller scar burden and improved LV function\u003c\/strong\u003e with FS delivery, consistent with anti-SMAD2\/3 and anti-fibrotic actions. \u0026lt;br\/\u0026gt;\u003cem data-end=\"3430\" data-start=\"3384\"\u003eJournal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"3733\" data-start=\"3433\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"3475\" data-start=\"3433\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"3474\" data-start=\"3435\"\u003e9 Cachexia mitigation (preclinical)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"xl\" data-end=\"3733\" data-start=\"3475\"\u003eIn tumour or CKD cachexia models, follistatin \u003cstrong data-end=\"3575\" data-start=\"3523\"\u003ereduces wasting and improves survival surrogates\u003c\/strong\u003e, likely via myostatin\/activin restraint. Translation to oncologic populations remains uncertain. \u0026lt;br\/\u0026gt;\u003cem data-end=\"3731\" data-start=\"3678\"\u003eJ Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle; Nature Communications\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"3738\" data-start=\"3735\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"3775\" data-start=\"3740\"\u003e2. Molecular Mechanism of Action\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"3815\" data-start=\"3777\"\u003e2.1 Ligand-trap Pharmacodynamics\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4124\" data-start=\"3816\"\u003eFollistatin \u003cstrong data-end=\"3866\" data-start=\"3828\"\u003edoes not signal through a receptor\u003c\/strong\u003e; instead it \u003cstrong data-end=\"3896\" data-start=\"3879\"\u003ebinds ligands\u003c\/strong\u003e (activin A\/B, myostatin, GDF-11 ± certain BMPs), forming \u003cstrong data-end=\"3976\" data-start=\"3954\"\u003einactive complexes\u003c\/strong\u003e that are cleared. This prevents occupancy of \u003cstrong data-end=\"4035\" data-start=\"4022\"\u003eActRIIA\/B\u003c\/strong\u003e and partner kinases (\u003cstrong data-end=\"4067\" data-start=\"4057\"\u003eALK4\/5\u003c\/strong\u003e), thereby \u003cstrong data-end=\"4098\" data-start=\"4078\"\u003ereducing SMAD2\/3\u003c\/strong\u003e transcriptional activity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"4153\" data-start=\"4126\"\u003e2.2 Down-stream Biology\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"_tableContainer_sk2ct_1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"_tableWrapper_sk2ct_13 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-end=\"4668\" data-start=\"4155\"\u003e\n\u003cthead data-end=\"4197\" data-start=\"4155\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"4197\" data-start=\"4155\"\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"4165\" data-start=\"4155\"\u003ePathway\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"4186\" data-start=\"4165\"\u003eFunctional outcome\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"4197\" data-start=\"4186\"\u003eContext\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody data-end=\"4668\" data-start=\"4212\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"4327\" data-start=\"4212\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"4240\" data-start=\"4212\"\u003e↓ SMAD2\/3 (TGF-β\/activin)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"4303\" data-start=\"4240\"\u003eDe-repression of myogenesis; ↓ fibrosis genes (COL1A1, CTGF)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"4327\" data-start=\"4303\"\u003eMuscle, liver, heart\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"4401\" data-start=\"4328\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"4341\" data-start=\"4328\"\u003e↑ Akt–mTOR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"4382\" data-start=\"4341\"\u003e↑ protein synthesis, fibre hypertrophy\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"4401\" data-start=\"4382\"\u003eSkeletal muscle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"4471\" data-start=\"4402\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"4421\" data-start=\"4402\"\u003e↓ FoxO\/atrogenes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"4451\" data-start=\"4421\"\u003e↓ proteolysis (MAFbx\/MuRF1)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"4471\" data-start=\"4451\"\u003eCatabolic states\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"4573\" data-start=\"4472\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"4512\" data-start=\"4472\"\u003eSatellite-cell programmes (MyoD\/MyoG)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"4557\" data-start=\"4512\"\u003e↑ progenitor proliferation\/differentiation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"4573\" data-start=\"4557\"\u003eRegeneration\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"4668\" data-start=\"4574\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"4602\" data-start=\"4574\"\u003eImmune–stromal cross-talk\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"4648\" data-start=\"4602\"\u003e↓ pro-inflammatory cytokines\/SMC activation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"4668\" data-start=\"4648\"\u003eMuscle, synovium\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"4673\" data-start=\"4670\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"4697\" data-start=\"4675\"\u003e3. Pharmacokinetics\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"5287\" data-start=\"4699\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"4910\" data-start=\"4699\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"4910\" data-start=\"4701\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4718\" data-start=\"4701\"\u003eProtein form:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong data-end=\"4729\" data-start=\"4719\"\u003eFS-315\u003c\/strong\u003e (processed product of FS-344) is the dominant \u003cstrong data-end=\"4791\" data-start=\"4776\"\u003ecirculating\u003c\/strong\u003e species with a \u003cstrong data-end=\"4849\" data-start=\"4807\"\u003eplasma half-life on the order of hours\u003c\/strong\u003e; \u003cstrong data-end=\"4861\" data-start=\"4851\"\u003eFS-288\u003c\/strong\u003e is more \u003cstrong data-end=\"4886\" data-start=\"4870\"\u003ematrix-bound\u003c\/strong\u003e with local retention.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5140\" data-start=\"4911\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5140\" data-start=\"4913\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"4943\" data-start=\"4913\"\u003eGene therapy (AAV1-FS344):\u003c\/strong\u003e Intramuscular administration yields \u003cstrong data-end=\"5024\" data-start=\"4980\"\u003elocal expression with systemic spillover\u003c\/strong\u003e of FS-315; exposure persists \u003cstrong data-end=\"5073\" data-start=\"5054\"\u003emonths to years\u003c\/strong\u003e, governed by transgene expression rather than peptide clearance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"5287\" data-start=\"5141\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5287\" data-start=\"5143\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"5170\" data-start=\"5143\"\u003eDistribution\/clearance:\u003c\/strong\u003e Proteolytic degradation and reticulo-endothelial clearance of ligand–FS complexes; \u003cstrong data-end=\"5264\" data-start=\"5254\"\u003eno CYP\u003c\/strong\u003e interactions expected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"5292\" data-start=\"5289\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"5339\" data-start=\"5294\"\u003e4. Pre-clinical and Translational Evidence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"5371\" data-start=\"5341\"\u003e4.1 Rare Muscle Diseases\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5632\" data-start=\"5372\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"5386\" data-start=\"5372\"\u003eAAV1-FS344\u003c\/strong\u003e has been tested in small \u003cstrong data-end=\"5425\" data-start=\"5412\"\u003ephase 1\/2\u003c\/strong\u003e cohorts with \u003cstrong data-end=\"5468\" data-start=\"5439\"\u003eBecker muscular dystrophy\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong data-end=\"5500\" data-start=\"5473\"\u003einclusion-body myositis\u003c\/strong\u003e, demonstrating \u003cstrong data-end=\"5548\" data-start=\"5516\"\u003eacceptable short-term safety\u003c\/strong\u003e, transgene expression, and \u003cstrong data-end=\"5607\" data-start=\"5576\"\u003esuggestive functional gains\u003c\/strong\u003e on exploratory measures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"5662\" data-start=\"5634\"\u003e4.2 Aging \u0026amp; Sarcopenia\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5819\" data-start=\"5663\"\u003eIn aged rodents, FS improves \u003cstrong data-end=\"5741\" data-start=\"5692\"\u003eCSA, strength, mitochondrial markers and gait\u003c\/strong\u003e, and blunts catabolic signalling—supporting trials in \u003cstrong data-end=\"5818\" data-start=\"5796\"\u003esarcopenic frailty\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"5848\" data-start=\"5821\"\u003e4.3 Metabolic Disease\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6037\" data-start=\"5849\"\u003eIn obesity models, FS lowers \u003cstrong data-end=\"5890\" data-start=\"5878\"\u003efat mass\u003c\/strong\u003e, improves \u003cstrong data-end=\"5942\" data-start=\"5901\"\u003eglucose tolerance\/insulin sensitivity\u003c\/strong\u003e, and reduces \u003cstrong data-end=\"5982\" data-start=\"5956\"\u003einflammatory cytokines\u003c\/strong\u003e; hepatic steatosis markers decline in several studies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"6069\" data-start=\"6039\"\u003e4.4 Fibrosis\/Remodelling\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6244\" data-start=\"6070\"\u003eAcross muscle, liver and heart injury models, FS consistently \u003cstrong data-end=\"6165\" data-start=\"6132\"\u003ereduces collagen accumulation\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong data-end=\"6204\" data-start=\"6170\"\u003eSMAD2\/3 transcriptional output\u003c\/strong\u003e, aligning with anti-fibrotic potential.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"6279\" data-start=\"6246\"\u003e4.5 Safety-relevant Biology\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"6528\" data-start=\"6280\"\u003eBecause \u003cstrong data-end=\"6326\" data-start=\"6288\"\u003eactivin A stimulates pituitary FSH\u003c\/strong\u003e, systemic follistatin can \u003cstrong data-end=\"6366\" data-start=\"6353\"\u003elower FSH\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong data-end=\"6402\" data-start=\"6371\"\u003ealter reproductive function\u003c\/strong\u003e; broad BMP antagonism raises theoretical risks for \u003cstrong data-end=\"6485\" data-start=\"6454\"\u003evascular\/epithelial effects\u003c\/strong\u003e seen with other ActRII-pathway inhibitors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"6533\" data-start=\"6530\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"6568\" data-start=\"6535\"\u003e5. Emerging Clinical Interests\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"_tableContainer_sk2ct_1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"_tableWrapper_sk2ct_13 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-end=\"7135\" data-start=\"6570\"\u003e\n\u003cthead data-end=\"6608\" data-start=\"6570\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"6608\" data-start=\"6570\"\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"6578\" data-start=\"6570\"\u003eField\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"6590\" data-start=\"6578\"\u003eRationale\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"6608\" data-start=\"6590\"\u003eCurrent status\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody data-end=\"7135\" data-start=\"6623\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"6740\" data-start=\"6623\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"6652\" data-start=\"6623\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"6651\" data-start=\"6625\"\u003eBecker MD \/ IBM \/ FSHD\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"6704\" data-start=\"6652\"\u003eHypertrophy + anti-fibrosis via SMAD2\/3 restraint\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"6740\" data-start=\"6704\"\u003eEarly-phase gene-therapy studies\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"6837\" data-start=\"6741\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"6766\" data-start=\"6741\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"6765\" data-start=\"6743\"\u003eSarcopenia\/frailty\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"6811\" data-start=\"6766\"\u003eMuscle anabolism, function, and resilience\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"6837\" data-start=\"6811\"\u003ePreclinical → planning\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"6962\" data-start=\"6838\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"6868\" data-start=\"6838\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"6867\" data-start=\"6840\"\u003eMetabolic disease\/NAFLD\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"6916\" data-start=\"6868\"\u003eReduced adiposity\/inflammation; anti-fibrosis\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"6962\" data-start=\"6916\"\u003ePreclinical; exploratory clinical interest\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"7057\" data-start=\"6963\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"6985\" data-start=\"6963\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"6984\" data-start=\"6965\"\u003eOrthopaedics\/OA\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"7036\" data-start=\"6985\"\u003eCartilage\/tendon protection (activin\/TGF-β axis)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"7057\" data-start=\"7036\"\u003eEarly preclinical\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"7135\" data-start=\"7058\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"7084\" data-start=\"7058\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"7083\" data-start=\"7060\"\u003eCardiac remodelling\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"7120\" data-start=\"7084\"\u003eAnti-fibrotic benefit post-injury\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"md\" data-end=\"7135\" data-start=\"7120\"\u003ePreclinical\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"7140\" data-start=\"7137\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"7171\" data-start=\"7142\"\u003e6. Safety and Tolerability\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"8108\" data-start=\"7173\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7284\" data-start=\"7173\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7284\" data-start=\"7175\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"7204\" data-start=\"7175\"\u003eProtein\/peptide exposure:\u003c\/strong\u003e Injection-site reactions; \u003cstrong data-end=\"7249\" data-start=\"7231\"\u003eimmunogenicity\u003c\/strong\u003e possible with recombinant forms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7487\" data-start=\"7285\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7487\" data-start=\"7287\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"7310\" data-start=\"7287\"\u003eGene therapy (AAV):\u003c\/strong\u003e Vector-related \u003cstrong data-end=\"7343\" data-start=\"7326\"\u003etransaminitis\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong data-end=\"7365\" data-start=\"7345\"\u003eT-cell responses\u003c\/strong\u003e, pre-existing anti-AAV antibodies; rare AAV-class risks (e.g., \u003cstrong data-end=\"7445\" data-start=\"7429\"\u003eDRG findings\u003c\/strong\u003e in other programmes) inform monitoring.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7684\" data-start=\"7488\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7684\" data-start=\"7490\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"7517\" data-start=\"7490\"\u003eEndocrine\/reproductive:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong data-end=\"7537\" data-start=\"7518\"\u003eFSH suppression\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong data-end=\"7565\" data-start=\"7539\"\u003emenstrual irregularity\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong data-end=\"7599\" data-start=\"7567\"\u003ereduced fertility parameters\u003c\/strong\u003e are biologically plausible with systemic exposure; monitor gonadal axes in trials.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"7912\" data-start=\"7685\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"7912\" data-start=\"7687\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"7700\" data-start=\"7687\"\u003eOncology:\u003c\/strong\u003e Context-dependent; \u003cstrong data-end=\"7757\" data-start=\"7720\"\u003eactivin can be tumour-suppressive\u003c\/strong\u003e in some tissues—\u003cstrong data-end=\"7832\" data-start=\"7774\"\u003echronic systemic follistatin may carry pro-tumour risk\u003c\/strong\u003e in susceptible settings; oncology use is \u003cstrong data-end=\"7909\" data-start=\"7874\"\u003econtra-indicated outside trials\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"8108\" data-start=\"7913\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8108\" data-start=\"7915\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"7939\" data-start=\"7915\"\u003eVascular\/epithelial:\u003c\/strong\u003e Broad TGF-β-family antagonism raises theoretical risk of \u003cstrong data-end=\"8024\" data-start=\"7997\"\u003etelangiectasia\/bleeding\u003c\/strong\u003e seen with more potent ActRII-Fc agents; vigilance warranted though profiles differ.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8139\" data-start=\"8110\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"8139\" data-start=\"8110\"\u003eComparative safety matrix\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"_tableContainer_sk2ct_1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"_tableWrapper_sk2ct_13 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-end=\"8684\" data-start=\"8141\"\u003e\n\u003cthead data-end=\"8240\" data-start=\"8141\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"8240\" data-start=\"8141\"\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"8151\" data-start=\"8141\"\u003eConcern\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"8189\" data-start=\"8151\"\u003eFollistatin-344 (FS-315 expression)\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"8211\" data-start=\"8189\"\u003eAnti-myostatin mAbs\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"8240\" data-start=\"8211\"\u003eActRII-Fc (ACE-031 class)\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody data-end=\"8684\" data-start=\"8259\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"8385\" data-start=\"8259\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"8276\" data-start=\"8259\"\u003eLigand breadth\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"8317\" data-start=\"8276\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"8316\" data-start=\"8278\"\u003eMyostatin + activins (± some BMPs)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"8343\" data-start=\"8317\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"8342\" data-start=\"8319\"\u003eMyostatin-selective\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"8385\" data-start=\"8343\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"8383\" data-start=\"8345\"\u003eBroad (myostatin\/activins\/BMP9\/10)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"8450\" data-start=\"8386\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"8410\" data-start=\"8386\"\u003eHypertrophy magnitude\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"8431\" data-start=\"8410\"\u003eHigh (preclinical)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"8442\" data-start=\"8431\"\u003eModerate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"8450\" data-start=\"8442\"\u003eHigh\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"8523\" data-start=\"8451\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"8477\" data-start=\"8451\"\u003eRepro\/endocrine effects\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"8501\" data-start=\"8477\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"8500\" data-start=\"8479\"\u003eFSH ↓ (plausible)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"8511\" data-start=\"8501\"\u003eMinimal\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"8523\" data-start=\"8511\"\u003ePossible\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"8603\" data-start=\"8524\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"8556\" data-start=\"8524\"\u003eVascular AEs (telangiectasia)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"8570\" data-start=\"8556\"\u003eTheoretical\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"8577\" data-start=\"8570\"\u003eRare\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"8603\" data-start=\"8577\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"8601\" data-start=\"8579\"\u003eObserved in trials\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-end=\"8684\" data-start=\"8604\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"8626\" data-start=\"8604\"\u003eImmunogenicity risk\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"8657\" data-start=\"8626\"\u003eTransgene\/neo-epitopes (AAV)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"8672\" data-start=\"8657\"\u003eLow–moderate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-col-size=\"sm\" data-end=\"8684\" data-start=\"8672\"\u003eModerate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"8689\" data-start=\"8686\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"8717\" data-start=\"8691\"\u003e7. Regulatory Landscape\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"9018\" data-start=\"8719\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"8787\" data-start=\"8719\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8787\" data-start=\"8721\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"8748\" data-start=\"8721\"\u003eNo approved indications\u003c\/strong\u003e for recombinant FS or \u003cstrong data-end=\"8784\" data-start=\"8771\"\u003eAAV-FS344\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"8913\" data-start=\"8788\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"8913\" data-start=\"8790\"\u003eEarly \u003cstrong data-end=\"8809\" data-start=\"8796\"\u003ephase 1\/2\u003c\/strong\u003e studies in neuromuscular disease inform dose-finding and safety; \u003cstrong data-end=\"8904\" data-start=\"8875\"\u003eno marketing applications\u003c\/strong\u003e filed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"9018\" data-start=\"8914\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"9018\" data-start=\"8916\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"8926\" data-start=\"8916\"\u003eSport:\u003c\/strong\u003e Follistatin gene\/protein \u003cstrong data-end=\"8974\" data-start=\"8952\"\u003eprohibited by WADA\u003c\/strong\u003e under gene- and peptide-hormone categories.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"9023\" data-start=\"9020\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"9048\" data-start=\"9025\"\u003e8. Future Directions\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"9860\" data-start=\"9050\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"9225\" data-start=\"9050\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"9225\" data-start=\"9052\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"9076\" data-start=\"9052\"\u003eIsoform engineering:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong data-end=\"9094\" data-start=\"9077\"\u003eFS-315-biased\u003c\/strong\u003e or \u003cstrong data-end=\"9118\" data-start=\"9098\"\u003eligand-selective\u003c\/strong\u003e variants to preserve myostatin\/activin A neutralisation while \u003cstrong data-end=\"9200\" data-start=\"9181\"\u003esparing BMP9\/10\u003c\/strong\u003e (vascular) signalling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"9376\" data-start=\"9226\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"9376\" data-start=\"9228\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"9252\" data-start=\"9228\"\u003eTargeted expression:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong data-end=\"9282\" data-start=\"9253\"\u003eMuscle-specific promoters\u003c\/strong\u003e, regulatable switches, or \u003cstrong data-end=\"9330\" data-start=\"9309\"\u003eregional delivery\u003c\/strong\u003e to limit systemic endocrine\/oncology risks.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"9558\" data-start=\"9377\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"9558\" data-start=\"9379\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"9408\" data-start=\"9379\"\u003eCombinatorial strategies:\u003c\/strong\u003e Pairing with \u003cstrong data-end=\"9445\" data-start=\"9422\"\u003eresistance training\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong data-end=\"9489\" data-start=\"9447\"\u003emitochondrial\/anti-inflammatory agents\u003c\/strong\u003e, or \u003cstrong data-end=\"9513\" data-start=\"9494\"\u003emetabolic drugs\u003c\/strong\u003e to improve function while minimising dose.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"9752\" data-start=\"9559\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"9752\" data-start=\"9561\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"9584\" data-start=\"9561\"\u003eClinical endpoints:\u003c\/strong\u003e Standardised \u003cstrong data-end=\"9652\" data-start=\"9598\"\u003estrength (MVC), function (6MWT), MRI muscle volume\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong data-end=\"9672\" data-start=\"9658\"\u003ebiomarkers\u003c\/strong\u003e(circulating activin A, phospho-SMAD2\/3) to prove mechanism and benefit–risk.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"9860\" data-start=\"9753\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"9860\" data-start=\"9755\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"9782\" data-start=\"9755\"\u003eLong-term surveillance:\u003c\/strong\u003e Fertility, oncology, vascular and immune outcomes in gene-therapy recipients.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-end=\"9865\" data-start=\"9862\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-end=\"9890\" data-start=\"9867\"\u003eSelected References\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"11012\" data-start=\"9892\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"10024\" data-start=\"9892\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"10024\" data-start=\"9894\"\u003eMendell J.R. et al. \u003cstrong data-end=\"9947\" data-start=\"9914\"\u003eAAV1-Follistatin gene therapy\u003c\/strong\u003e in muscular dystrophy: safety and functional signals. \u003cem data-end=\"10021\" data-start=\"10002\"\u003eMolecular Therapy\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"10176\" data-start=\"10025\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"10176\" data-start=\"10027\"\u003eHaidet A.M. et al. \u003cstrong data-end=\"10099\" data-start=\"10046\"\u003eFollistatin-mediated myostatin\/activin inhibition\u003c\/strong\u003e promotes muscle growth and regeneration. \u003cem data-end=\"10173\" data-start=\"10141\"\u003eScience Translational Medicine\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"10271\" data-start=\"10177\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"10271\" data-start=\"10179\"\u003eLee S.J., McPherron A. \u003cstrong data-end=\"10231\" data-start=\"10202\"\u003eMyostatin pathway biology\u003c\/strong\u003e and muscle mass regulation. \u003cem data-end=\"10268\" data-start=\"10260\"\u003eNature\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"10387\" data-start=\"10272\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"10387\" data-start=\"10274\"\u003eNakamura T., Sugino K. \u003cstrong data-end=\"10327\" data-start=\"10297\"\u003eFollistatin–activin system\u003c\/strong\u003e: structure, binding, and physiology. \u003cem data-end=\"10384\" data-start=\"10365\"\u003eEndocrine Reviews\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"10510\" data-start=\"10388\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"10510\" data-start=\"10390\"\u003eWinbanks C.E. et al. \u003cstrong data-end=\"10459\" data-start=\"10411\"\u003eFS overexpression improves metabolic profile\u003c\/strong\u003e and muscle in obesity models. \u003cem data-end=\"10507\" data-start=\"10490\"\u003eCell Metabolism\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"10625\" data-start=\"10511\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"10625\" data-start=\"10513\"\u003eAttisano L., Wrana J.L. \u003cstrong data-end=\"10573\" data-start=\"10537\"\u003eTGF-β\/activin–SMAD2\/3 signalling\u003c\/strong\u003e in development and disease. \u003cem data-end=\"10622\" data-start=\"10602\"\u003eDevelopmental Cell\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"10741\" data-start=\"10626\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"10741\" data-start=\"10628\"\u003eChen J.L. et al. \u003cstrong data-end=\"10689\" data-start=\"10645\"\u003eSatellite-cell activation and myogenesis\u003c\/strong\u003e under activin\/myostatin restraint. \u003cem data-end=\"10738\" data-start=\"10725\"\u003eDevelopment\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"10877\" data-start=\"10742\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"10877\" data-start=\"10744\"\u003ePorrello E.R. et al. \u003cstrong data-end=\"10799\" data-start=\"10765\"\u003eCardiac remodelling modulation\u003c\/strong\u003e by TGF-β-family antagonism. \u003cem data-end=\"10874\" data-start=\"10828\"\u003eJournal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"11012\" data-start=\"10878\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"11012\" data-start=\"10880\"\u003eSchneyer A.L. et al. \u003cstrong data-end=\"10953\" data-start=\"10901\"\u003eReproductive axis effects of activin\/follistatin\u003c\/strong\u003e balance. \u003cem data-end=\"11011\" data-start=\"10963\"\u003eJournal of Clinical Endocrinology \u0026amp; Metabolism\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Mijn winkel","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52684858589522,"sku":"10","price":225.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1048\/0956\/2450\/files\/follistatin_344_5mg.png?v=1770834890","url":"https:\/\/sciencepeptideslab.com\/products\/follistatin344-5mg-vial","provider":"Science Peptides Lab","version":"1.0","type":"link"}