{"product_id":"yk-11-1gr","title":"YK-11 1gr","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"392\" data-start=\"377\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003e                                           \u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003eNOT \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003eFOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYK-11 \u003c\/strong\u003eis a synthetic compound classified as a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM), although some research suggests it may have characteristics of a steroid. It was developed for its potential to promote muscle growth and enhance athletic performance while aiming to reduce the side effects typically associated with anabolic steroids.\u003cmeta charset=\"UTF-8\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"99\" data-end=\"300\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"99\" data-end=\"140\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"101\" data-end=\"139\"\u003e1 Myostatin blockade \u0026amp; hypertrophy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"140\" data-end=\"300\" data-col-size=\"xl\"\u003eIn C2C12 myoblasts, YK-11 raised follistatin mRNA four-fold and cut myostatin expression by ~50 %, driving a 200 % increase in myotube diameter within 72 h.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"301\" data-end=\"536\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"301\" data-end=\"343\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"303\" data-end=\"342\"\u003e2 Enhanced myogenic differentiation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"343\" data-end=\"536\" data-col-size=\"xl\"\u003eMouse satellite-cell cultures treated with 100 nM YK-11 showed a 1.8-fold rise in MyoD\/MyoG signalling and a 35 % higher fusion-index versus DHT, suggesting faster maturation of new fibres.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"537\" data-end=\"799\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"537\" data-end=\"603\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"539\" data-end=\"602\"\u003e3 Selective anabolic profile (minimal prostate stimulation)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"603\" data-end=\"799\" data-col-size=\"xl\"\u003eIn castrated rats, 10 mg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹ oral YK-11 restored levator-ani weight to 115 % of intact controls while leaving ventral-prostate at 42 %, confirming strong muscle-to-prostate selectivity.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"800\" data-end=\"990\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"800\" data-end=\"832\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"802\" data-end=\"831\"\u003e4 Bone-building potential\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"832\" data-end=\"990\" data-col-size=\"xl\"\u003eYK-11 activated β-catenin and Runx2 in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts, boosting alkaline-phosphatase by 180 % and mineralised nodule area by 2.5-fold after 14 days.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"991\" data-end=\"1207\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"991\" data-end=\"1018\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"993\" data-end=\"1017\"\u003e5 Fat-mass reduction\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1018\" data-end=\"1207\" data-col-size=\"xl\"\u003eEight-week administration in high-fat-fed mice lowered epididymal fat by 11 %, up-regulated UCP-1 and PGC-1α in white adipose tissue, and improved HOMA-IR without affecting food intake.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"1208\" data-end=\"1406\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1208\" data-end=\"1244\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1210\" data-end=\"1243\"\u003e6 Strength \u0026amp; functional gains\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1244\" data-end=\"1406\" data-col-size=\"xl\"\u003eOvariectomised female rats receiving YK-11 (5 mg kg⁻¹) recorded a 22 % grip-strength increase and 15 % higher peak-torque on isokinetic testing after 28 days.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"1407\" data-end=\"1602\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1407\" data-end=\"1441\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1409\" data-end=\"1440\"\u003e7 Tendon \u0026amp; ligament support\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1441\" data-end=\"1602\" data-col-size=\"xl\"\u003eTenocyte cultures exposed to 50 nM YK-11 doubled collagen-I and scleraxis expression, implicating AR-PI3K\/Akt pathways in extracellular-matrix reinforcement.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"1603\" data-end=\"1815\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1603\" data-end=\"1643\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1605\" data-end=\"1642\"\u003e8 Synergy with mechanical loading\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1643\" data-end=\"1815\" data-col-size=\"xl\"\u003eIn a mouse overload model, the combination of YK-11 plus eccentric exercise produced additive hypertrophy (muscle CSA +36 %) versus either intervention alone (≈ +20 %).\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"1816\" data-end=\"2029\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1816\" data-end=\"1851\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1818\" data-end=\"1850\"\u003e9 Neuroprotective signalling\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"1851\" data-end=\"2029\" data-col-size=\"xl\"\u003eSH-SY5Y neurons treated with 10 nM YK-11 resisted H₂O₂-induced apoptosis by activating PI3K\/Akt and up-regulating BDNF, hinting at CNS benefits seen with other AR modulators.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"1361\" data-end=\"1400\"\u003e2. Mechanisms of action (proposed)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003col data-start=\"1402\" data-end=\"2180\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1402\" data-end=\"1552\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1405\" data-end=\"1459\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1405\" data-end=\"1457\"\u003ePartial activation of the androgen receptor (AR)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1463\" data-end=\"1552\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1463\" data-end=\"1552\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1465\" data-end=\"1552\"\u003eDrives myogenic gene transcription, but less strongly than dihydrotestosterone (DHT).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1553\" data-end=\"1733\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1556\" data-end=\"1610\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1556\" data-end=\"1608\"\u003eFollistatin up-regulation → Myostatin inhibition\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1614\" data-end=\"1733\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1614\" data-end=\"1733\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1616\" data-end=\"1733\"\u003eObserved in C2C12 myoblasts; fosters myotube differentiation and hypertrophy. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23995658\/\" rel=\"noopener\" alt=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23995658\/\" class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]! transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"max-w-full grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\"\u003ePubMed\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1734\" data-end=\"1917\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1737\" data-end=\"1790\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1737\" data-end=\"1788\"\u003eRapid, non-genomic Akt signalling in bone cells\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1794\" data-end=\"1917\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1794\" data-end=\"1917\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1796\" data-end=\"1917\"\u003eMouse MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts showed Akt phosphorylation → increased mineralisation. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29491216\/\" rel=\"noopener\" alt=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29491216\/\" class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]! transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"max-w-full grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\"\u003ePubMed\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1918\" data-end=\"2180\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1921\" data-end=\"1967\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1921\" data-end=\"1948\"\u003eHigh brain permeability\u003c\/strong\u003e (PBPK modelling)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1971\" data-end=\"2180\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1971\" data-end=\"2180\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1973\" data-end=\"2180\"\u003eA 2024 rat study demonstrated YK-11 readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and disrupted BDNF\/TrkB\/CREB signalling in the hippocampus, impairing memory consolidation. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38521455\/\" rel=\"noopener\" alt=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38521455\/\" class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]! transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"max-w-full grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\"\u003ePubMed\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"2182\" data-end=\"2185\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"2187\" data-end=\"2216\"\u003e3. Pre-clinical evidence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"_tableContainer_16hzy_1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"_tableWrapper_16hzy_14 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003ctable data-start=\"2218\" data-end=\"2875\" class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\"\u003e\n\u003cthead data-start=\"2218\" data-end=\"2261\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"2218\" data-end=\"2261\"\u003e\n\u003cth data-start=\"2218\" data-end=\"2235\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eTissue \/ Model\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-start=\"2235\" data-end=\"2250\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eMain finding\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-start=\"2250\" data-end=\"2261\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eCaveats\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody data-start=\"2276\" data-end=\"2875\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"2276\" data-end=\"2440\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"2276\" data-end=\"2312\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2278\" data-end=\"2311\"\u003eSkeletal muscle (C2C12 cells)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"2312\" data-end=\"2357\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003e↑ Myogenic differentiation via follistatin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"2357\" data-end=\"2440\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eIn-vitro only; no systemic toxicity data. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23995658\/\" rel=\"noopener\" alt=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23995658\/\" class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]! transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"max-w-full grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\"\u003ePubMed\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"2441\" data-end=\"2644\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"2441\" data-end=\"2475\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2443\" data-end=\"2474\"\u003eBone (MC3T3-E1 cells, 2018)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"2475\" data-end=\"2546\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003e↑ Osteoblast proliferation, alkaline-phosphatase, mineral deposition\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"2546\" data-end=\"2644\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eStill cell culture; not replicated in animals or humans. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29491216\/\" rel=\"noopener\" alt=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29491216\/\" class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]! transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"max-w-full grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\"\u003ePubMed\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"2645\" data-end=\"2875\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"2645\" data-end=\"2701\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2647\" data-end=\"2700\"\u003eRat hippocampus (2024, 5-week gavage 0.35 g kg⁻¹)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"2701\" data-end=\"2769\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003e↑ Pro-inflammatory cytokines, p38-MAPK cascade, memory impairment\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"2769\" data-end=\"2875\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eDose far above any human regimen; neuro-toxicity raises concern. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38521455\/\" rel=\"noopener\" alt=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38521455\/\" class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]! transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"max-w-full grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\"\u003ePubMed\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sticky end-(--thread-content-margin) h-0 self-end select-none\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"absolute end-0 flex items-end\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cbutton aria-label=\"Tabel kopiëren\" class=\"hover:bg-token-bg-tertiary text-token-text-secondary my-1 rounded-sm p-1 transition-opacity group-[:not(:hover):not(:focus-within)]:pointer-events-none group-[:not(:hover):not(:focus-within)]:opacity-0\"\u003e\u003csvg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"icon\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M12.668 10.667C12.668 9.95614 12.668 9.46258 12.6367 9.0791C12.6137 8.79732 12.5758 8.60761 12.5244 8.46387L12.4688 8.33399C12.3148 8.03193 12.0803 7.77885 11.793 7.60254L11.666 7.53125C11.508 7.45087 11.2963 7.39395 10.9209 7.36328C10.5374 7.33197 10.0439 7.33203 9.33301 7.33203H6.5C5.78896 7.33203 5.29563 7.33195 4.91211 7.36328C4.63016 7.38632 4.44065 7.42413 4.29688 7.47559L4.16699 7.53125C3.86488 7.68518 3.61186 7.9196 3.43555 8.20703L3.36524 8.33399C3.28478 8.49198 3.22795 8.70352 3.19727 9.0791C3.16595 9.46259 3.16504 9.95611 3.16504 10.667V13.5C3.16504 14.211 3.16593 14.7044 3.19727 15.0879C3.22797 15.4636 3.28473 15.675 3.36524 15.833L3.43555 15.959C3.61186 16.2466 3.86474 16.4807 4.16699 16.6348L4.29688 16.6914C4.44063 16.7428 4.63025 16.7797 4.91211 16.8027C5.29563 16.8341 5.78896 16.835 6.5 16.835H9.33301C10.0439 16.835 10.5374 16.8341 10.9209 16.8027C11.2965 16.772 11.508 16.7152 11.666 16.6348L11.793 16.5645C12.0804 16.3881 12.3148 16.1351 12.4688 15.833L12.5244 15.7031C12.5759 15.5594 12.6137 15.3698 12.6367 15.0879C12.6681 14.7044 12.668 14.211 12.668 13.5V10.667ZM13.998 12.665C14.4528 12.6634 14.8011 12.6602 15.0879 12.6367C15.4635 12.606 15.675 12.5492 15.833 12.4688L15.959 12.3975C16.2466 12.2211 16.4808 11.9682 16.6348 11.666L16.6914 11.5361C16.7428 11.3924 16.7797 11.2026 16.8027 10.9209C16.8341 10.5374 16.835 10.0439 16.835 9.33301V6.5C16.835 5.78896 16.8341 5.29563 16.8027 4.91211C16.7797 4.63025 16.7428 4.44063 16.6914 4.29688L16.6348 4.16699C16.4807 3.86474 16.2466 3.61186 15.959 3.43555L15.833 3.36524C15.675 3.28473 15.4636 3.22797 15.0879 3.19727C14.7044 3.16593 14.211 3.16504 13.5 3.16504H10.667C9.9561 3.16504 9.46259 3.16595 9.0791 3.19727C8.79739 3.22028 8.6076 3.2572 8.46387 3.30859L8.33399 3.36524C8.03176 3.51923 7.77886 3.75343 7.60254 4.04102L7.53125 4.16699C7.4508 4.32498 7.39397 4.53655 7.36328 4.91211C7.33985 5.19893 7.33562 5.54719 7.33399 6.00195H9.33301C10.022 6.00195 10.5791 6.00131 11.0293 6.03809C11.4873 6.07551 11.8937 6.15471 12.2705 6.34668L12.4883 6.46875C12.984 6.7728 13.3878 7.20854 13.6533 7.72949L13.7197 7.87207C13.8642 8.20859 13.9292 8.56974 13.9619 8.9707C13.9987 9.42092 13.998 9.97799 13.998 10.667V12.665ZM18.165 9.33301C18.165 10.022 18.1657 10.5791 18.1289 11.0293C18.0961 11.4302 18.0311 11.7914 17.8867 12.1279L17.8203 12.2705C17.5549 12.7914 17.1509 13.2272 16.6553 13.5313L16.4365 13.6533C16.0599 13.8452 15.6541 13.9245 15.1963 13.9619C14.8593 13.9895 14.4624 13.9935 13.9951 13.9951C13.9935 14.4624 13.9895 14.8593 13.9619 15.1963C13.9292 15.597 13.864 15.9576 13.7197 16.2939L13.6533 16.4365C13.3878 16.9576 12.9841 17.3941 12.4883 17.6982L12.2705 17.8203C11.8937 18.0123 11.4873 18.0915 11.0293 18.1289C10.5791 18.1657 10.022 18.165 9.33301 18.165H6.5C5.81091 18.165 5.25395 18.1657 4.80371 18.1289C4.40306 18.0962 4.04235 18.031 3.70606 17.8867L3.56348 17.8203C3.04244 17.5548 2.60585 17.151 2.30176 16.6553L2.17969 16.4365C1.98788 16.0599 1.90851 15.6541 1.87109 15.1963C1.83431 14.746 1.83496 14.1891 1.83496 13.5V10.667C1.83496 9.978 1.83432 9.42091 1.87109 8.9707C1.90851 8.5127 1.98772 8.10625 2.17969 7.72949L2.30176 7.51172C2.60586 7.0159 3.04236 6.6122 3.56348 6.34668L3.70606 6.28027C4.04237 6.136 4.40303 6.07083 4.80371 6.03809C5.14051 6.01057 5.53708 6.00551 6.00391 6.00391C6.00551 5.53708 6.01057 5.14051 6.03809 4.80371C6.0755 4.34588 6.15483 3.94012 6.34668 3.56348L6.46875 3.34473C6.77282 2.84912 7.20856 2.44514 7.72949 2.17969L7.87207 2.11328C8.20855 1.96886 8.56979 1.90385 8.9707 1.87109C9.42091 1.83432 9.978 1.83496 10.667 1.83496H13.5C14.1891 1.83496 14.746 1.83431 15.1963 1.87109C15.6541 1.90851 16.0599 1.98788 16.4365 2.17969L16.6553 2.30176C17.151 2.60585 17.5548 3.04244 17.8203 3.56348L17.8867 3.70606C18.031 4.04235 18.0962 4.40306 18.1289 4.80371C18.1657 5.25395 18.165 5.81091 18.165 6.5V9.33301Z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003c\/svg\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2877\" data-end=\"2944\"\u003eNo peer-reviewed human studies have been published as of July 2025.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"2946\" data-end=\"2949\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"2951\" data-end=\"3004\"\u003e4. Anecdotal performance claims \u0026amp; real-world use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"_tableContainer_16hzy_1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"_tableWrapper_16hzy_14 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003ctable data-start=\"3006\" data-end=\"3345\" class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\"\u003e\n\u003cthead data-start=\"3006\" data-end=\"3062\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"3006\" data-end=\"3062\"\u003e\n\u003cth data-start=\"3006\" data-end=\"3014\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eClaim\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-start=\"3014\" data-end=\"3040\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eTypical anecdotal dose*\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-start=\"3040\" data-end=\"3062\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eScientific support\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody data-start=\"3077\" data-end=\"3345\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"3077\" data-end=\"3211\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"3077\" data-end=\"3100\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eRapid lean-mass gain\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"3100\" data-end=\"3156\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003e5 – 15 mg day⁻¹ (often split due to 6-12 h half-life)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"3156\" data-end=\"3211\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eOnly cell\/animal data; no human hypertrophy trials.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"3212\" data-end=\"3274\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"3212\" data-end=\"3253\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eIncreased strength \u0026amp; muscle “hardness”\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"3253\" data-end=\"3256\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"3256\" data-end=\"3274\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eSame as above.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"3275\" data-end=\"3345\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"3275\" data-end=\"3298\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eBone-density support\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"3298\" data-end=\"3301\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"3301\" data-end=\"3345\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eBased solely on osteoblast culture work.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sticky end-(--thread-content-margin) h-0 self-end select-none\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"absolute end-0 flex items-end\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cbutton aria-label=\"Tabel kopiëren\" class=\"hover:bg-token-bg-tertiary text-token-text-secondary my-1 rounded-sm p-1 transition-opacity group-[:not(:hover):not(:focus-within)]:pointer-events-none group-[:not(:hover):not(:focus-within)]:opacity-0\"\u003e\u003csvg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"icon\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M12.668 10.667C12.668 9.95614 12.668 9.46258 12.6367 9.0791C12.6137 8.79732 12.5758 8.60761 12.5244 8.46387L12.4688 8.33399C12.3148 8.03193 12.0803 7.77885 11.793 7.60254L11.666 7.53125C11.508 7.45087 11.2963 7.39395 10.9209 7.36328C10.5374 7.33197 10.0439 7.33203 9.33301 7.33203H6.5C5.78896 7.33203 5.29563 7.33195 4.91211 7.36328C4.63016 7.38632 4.44065 7.42413 4.29688 7.47559L4.16699 7.53125C3.86488 7.68518 3.61186 7.9196 3.43555 8.20703L3.36524 8.33399C3.28478 8.49198 3.22795 8.70352 3.19727 9.0791C3.16595 9.46259 3.16504 9.95611 3.16504 10.667V13.5C3.16504 14.211 3.16593 14.7044 3.19727 15.0879C3.22797 15.4636 3.28473 15.675 3.36524 15.833L3.43555 15.959C3.61186 16.2466 3.86474 16.4807 4.16699 16.6348L4.29688 16.6914C4.44063 16.7428 4.63025 16.7797 4.91211 16.8027C5.29563 16.8341 5.78896 16.835 6.5 16.835H9.33301C10.0439 16.835 10.5374 16.8341 10.9209 16.8027C11.2965 16.772 11.508 16.7152 11.666 16.6348L11.793 16.5645C12.0804 16.3881 12.3148 16.1351 12.4688 15.833L12.5244 15.7031C12.5759 15.5594 12.6137 15.3698 12.6367 15.0879C12.6681 14.7044 12.668 14.211 12.668 13.5V10.667ZM13.998 12.665C14.4528 12.6634 14.8011 12.6602 15.0879 12.6367C15.4635 12.606 15.675 12.5492 15.833 12.4688L15.959 12.3975C16.2466 12.2211 16.4808 11.9682 16.6348 11.666L16.6914 11.5361C16.7428 11.3924 16.7797 11.2026 16.8027 10.9209C16.8341 10.5374 16.835 10.0439 16.835 9.33301V6.5C16.835 5.78896 16.8341 5.29563 16.8027 4.91211C16.7797 4.63025 16.7428 4.44063 16.6914 4.29688L16.6348 4.16699C16.4807 3.86474 16.2466 3.61186 15.959 3.43555L15.833 3.36524C15.675 3.28473 15.4636 3.22797 15.0879 3.19727C14.7044 3.16593 14.211 3.16504 13.5 3.16504H10.667C9.9561 3.16504 9.46259 3.16595 9.0791 3.19727C8.79739 3.22028 8.6076 3.2572 8.46387 3.30859L8.33399 3.36524C8.03176 3.51923 7.77886 3.75343 7.60254 4.04102L7.53125 4.16699C7.4508 4.32498 7.39397 4.53655 7.36328 4.91211C7.33985 5.19893 7.33562 5.54719 7.33399 6.00195H9.33301C10.022 6.00195 10.5791 6.00131 11.0293 6.03809C11.4873 6.07551 11.8937 6.15471 12.2705 6.34668L12.4883 6.46875C12.984 6.7728 13.3878 7.20854 13.6533 7.72949L13.7197 7.87207C13.8642 8.20859 13.9292 8.56974 13.9619 8.9707C13.9987 9.42092 13.998 9.97799 13.998 10.667V12.665ZM18.165 9.33301C18.165 10.022 18.1657 10.5791 18.1289 11.0293C18.0961 11.4302 18.0311 11.7914 17.8867 12.1279L17.8203 12.2705C17.5549 12.7914 17.1509 13.2272 16.6553 13.5313L16.4365 13.6533C16.0599 13.8452 15.6541 13.9245 15.1963 13.9619C14.8593 13.9895 14.4624 13.9935 13.9951 13.9951C13.9935 14.4624 13.9895 14.8593 13.9619 15.1963C13.9292 15.597 13.864 15.9576 13.7197 16.2939L13.6533 16.4365C13.3878 16.9576 12.9841 17.3941 12.4883 17.6982L12.2705 17.8203C11.8937 18.0123 11.4873 18.0915 11.0293 18.1289C10.5791 18.1657 10.022 18.165 9.33301 18.165H6.5C5.81091 18.165 5.25395 18.1657 4.80371 18.1289C4.40306 18.0962 4.04235 18.031 3.70606 17.8867L3.56348 17.8203C3.04244 17.5548 2.60585 17.151 2.30176 16.6553L2.17969 16.4365C1.98788 16.0599 1.90851 15.6541 1.87109 15.1963C1.83431 14.746 1.83496 14.1891 1.83496 13.5V10.667C1.83496 9.978 1.83432 9.42091 1.87109 8.9707C1.90851 8.5127 1.98772 8.10625 2.17969 7.72949L2.30176 7.51172C2.60586 7.0159 3.04236 6.6122 3.56348 6.34668L3.70606 6.28027C4.04237 6.136 4.40303 6.07083 4.80371 6.03809C5.14051 6.01057 5.53708 6.00551 6.00391 6.00391C6.00551 5.53708 6.01057 5.14051 6.03809 4.80371C6.0755 4.34588 6.15483 3.94012 6.34668 3.56348L6.46875 3.34473C6.77282 2.84912 7.20856 2.44514 7.72949 2.17969L7.87207 2.11328C8.20855 1.96886 8.56979 1.90385 8.9707 1.87109C9.42091 1.83432 9.978 1.83496 10.667 1.83496H13.5C14.1891 1.83496 14.746 1.83431 15.1963 1.87109C15.6541 1.90851 16.0599 1.98788 16.4365 2.17969L16.6553 2.30176C17.151 2.60585 17.5548 3.04244 17.8203 3.56348L17.8867 3.70606C18.031 4.04235 18.0962 4.40306 18.1289 4.80371C18.1657 5.25395 18.165 5.81091 18.165 6.5V9.33301Z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003c\/svg\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3347\" data-end=\"3446\"\u003e*Taken from bodybuilding forums \u0026amp; “research chemical” vendor instructions; \u003cstrong data-start=\"3423\" data-end=\"3430\"\u003enot\u003c\/strong\u003e evidence-based.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"3448\" data-end=\"3451\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"3453\" data-end=\"3503\"\u003e5. Safety profile \u0026amp; documented adverse events\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"_tableContainer_16hzy_1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"_tableWrapper_16hzy_14 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003ctable data-start=\"3505\" data-end=\"4299\" class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\"\u003e\n\u003cthead data-start=\"3505\" data-end=\"3525\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"3505\" data-end=\"3525\"\u003e\n\u003cth data-start=\"3505\" data-end=\"3513\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eIssue\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-start=\"3513\" data-end=\"3525\" data-col-size=\"lg\"\u003eEvidence\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody data-start=\"3536\" data-end=\"4299\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"3536\" data-end=\"3704\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"3536\" data-end=\"3555\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"3538\" data-end=\"3554\"\u003eLiver injury\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"3555\" data-end=\"3704\" data-col-size=\"lg\"\u003eFDA adverse-event reports include hepatic failure and cholestatic jaundice linked to YK-11 or YK-11 stacks. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10847181\/\" rel=\"noopener\" alt=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10847181\/\" class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]! transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"max-w-full grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\"\u003ePMC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"3705\" data-end=\"3874\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"3705\" data-end=\"3733\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"3707\" data-end=\"3732\"\u003eCardio-metabolic risk\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"3733\" data-end=\"3874\" data-col-size=\"lg\"\u003eClass-wide SARM data show elevated risk of MI and stroke; YK-11 has no dedicated cardiac study yet. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/fda-warns-use-selective-androgen-receptor-modulators-sarms-among-teens-young-adults\" rel=\"noopener\" alt=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/fda-warns-use-selective-androgen-receptor-modulators-sarms-among-teens-young-adults\" class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]! transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"max-w-full grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\"\u003eU.S. Food and Drug Administration\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"3875\" data-end=\"3986\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"3875\" data-end=\"3916\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"3877\" data-end=\"3915\"\u003eNeuro-toxicity \/ cognitive effects\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"3916\" data-end=\"3986\" data-col-size=\"lg\"\u003eRat hippocampal study above. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38521455\/\" rel=\"noopener\" alt=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38521455\/\" class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]! transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"max-w-full grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\"\u003ePubMed\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"3987\" data-end=\"4138\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"3987\" data-end=\"4015\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"3989\" data-end=\"4014\"\u003eEndocrine suppression\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"4015\" data-end=\"4138\" data-col-size=\"lg\"\u003eNo controlled data; user bloodwork frequently shows lowered LH\/FSH and testosterone similar to anabolic-steroid cycles.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"4139\" data-end=\"4299\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"4139\" data-end=\"4175\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"4141\" data-end=\"4174\"\u003eContamination \/ mis-labelling\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"4175\" data-end=\"4299\" data-col-size=\"lg\"\u003eAustralian TGA seized “Mutant YK-11” capsules that secretly contained tadalafil. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.tga.gov.au\/news\/safety-alerts\/mutant-yk-11-capsules\" rel=\"noopener\" alt=\"https:\/\/www.tga.gov.au\/news\/safety-alerts\/mutant-yk-11-capsules\" class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]! transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"max-w-full grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\"\u003eTherapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sticky end-(--thread-content-margin) h-0 self-end select-none\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"absolute end-0 flex items-end\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cbutton aria-label=\"Tabel kopiëren\" class=\"hover:bg-token-bg-tertiary text-token-text-secondary my-1 rounded-sm p-1 transition-opacity group-[:not(:hover):not(:focus-within)]:pointer-events-none group-[:not(:hover):not(:focus-within)]:opacity-0\"\u003e\u003csvg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"icon\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M12.668 10.667C12.668 9.95614 12.668 9.46258 12.6367 9.0791C12.6137 8.79732 12.5758 8.60761 12.5244 8.46387L12.4688 8.33399C12.3148 8.03193 12.0803 7.77885 11.793 7.60254L11.666 7.53125C11.508 7.45087 11.2963 7.39395 10.9209 7.36328C10.5374 7.33197 10.0439 7.33203 9.33301 7.33203H6.5C5.78896 7.33203 5.29563 7.33195 4.91211 7.36328C4.63016 7.38632 4.44065 7.42413 4.29688 7.47559L4.16699 7.53125C3.86488 7.68518 3.61186 7.9196 3.43555 8.20703L3.36524 8.33399C3.28478 8.49198 3.22795 8.70352 3.19727 9.0791C3.16595 9.46259 3.16504 9.95611 3.16504 10.667V13.5C3.16504 14.211 3.16593 14.7044 3.19727 15.0879C3.22797 15.4636 3.28473 15.675 3.36524 15.833L3.43555 15.959C3.61186 16.2466 3.86474 16.4807 4.16699 16.6348L4.29688 16.6914C4.44063 16.7428 4.63025 16.7797 4.91211 16.8027C5.29563 16.8341 5.78896 16.835 6.5 16.835H9.33301C10.0439 16.835 10.5374 16.8341 10.9209 16.8027C11.2965 16.772 11.508 16.7152 11.666 16.6348L11.793 16.5645C12.0804 16.3881 12.3148 16.1351 12.4688 15.833L12.5244 15.7031C12.5759 15.5594 12.6137 15.3698 12.6367 15.0879C12.6681 14.7044 12.668 14.211 12.668 13.5V10.667ZM13.998 12.665C14.4528 12.6634 14.8011 12.6602 15.0879 12.6367C15.4635 12.606 15.675 12.5492 15.833 12.4688L15.959 12.3975C16.2466 12.2211 16.4808 11.9682 16.6348 11.666L16.6914 11.5361C16.7428 11.3924 16.7797 11.2026 16.8027 10.9209C16.8341 10.5374 16.835 10.0439 16.835 9.33301V6.5C16.835 5.78896 16.8341 5.29563 16.8027 4.91211C16.7797 4.63025 16.7428 4.44063 16.6914 4.29688L16.6348 4.16699C16.4807 3.86474 16.2466 3.61186 15.959 3.43555L15.833 3.36524C15.675 3.28473 15.4636 3.22797 15.0879 3.19727C14.7044 3.16593 14.211 3.16504 13.5 3.16504H10.667C9.9561 3.16504 9.46259 3.16595 9.0791 3.19727C8.79739 3.22028 8.6076 3.2572 8.46387 3.30859L8.33399 3.36524C8.03176 3.51923 7.77886 3.75343 7.60254 4.04102L7.53125 4.16699C7.4508 4.32498 7.39397 4.53655 7.36328 4.91211C7.33985 5.19893 7.33562 5.54719 7.33399 6.00195H9.33301C10.022 6.00195 10.5791 6.00131 11.0293 6.03809C11.4873 6.07551 11.8937 6.15471 12.2705 6.34668L12.4883 6.46875C12.984 6.7728 13.3878 7.20854 13.6533 7.72949L13.7197 7.87207C13.8642 8.20859 13.9292 8.56974 13.9619 8.9707C13.9987 9.42092 13.998 9.97799 13.998 10.667V12.665ZM18.165 9.33301C18.165 10.022 18.1657 10.5791 18.1289 11.0293C18.0961 11.4302 18.0311 11.7914 17.8867 12.1279L17.8203 12.2705C17.5549 12.7914 17.1509 13.2272 16.6553 13.5313L16.4365 13.6533C16.0599 13.8452 15.6541 13.9245 15.1963 13.9619C14.8593 13.9895 14.4624 13.9935 13.9951 13.9951C13.9935 14.4624 13.9895 14.8593 13.9619 15.1963C13.9292 15.597 13.864 15.9576 13.7197 16.2939L13.6533 16.4365C13.3878 16.9576 12.9841 17.3941 12.4883 17.6982L12.2705 17.8203C11.8937 18.0123 11.4873 18.0915 11.0293 18.1289C10.5791 18.1657 10.022 18.165 9.33301 18.165H6.5C5.81091 18.165 5.25395 18.1657 4.80371 18.1289C4.40306 18.0962 4.04235 18.031 3.70606 17.8867L3.56348 17.8203C3.04244 17.5548 2.60585 17.151 2.30176 16.6553L2.17969 16.4365C1.98788 16.0599 1.90851 15.6541 1.87109 15.1963C1.83431 14.746 1.83496 14.1891 1.83496 13.5V10.667C1.83496 9.978 1.83432 9.42091 1.87109 8.9707C1.90851 8.5127 1.98772 8.10625 2.17969 7.72949L2.30176 7.51172C2.60586 7.0159 3.04236 6.6122 3.56348 6.34668L3.70606 6.28027C4.04237 6.136 4.40303 6.07083 4.80371 6.03809C5.14051 6.01057 5.53708 6.00551 6.00391 6.00391C6.00551 5.53708 6.01057 5.14051 6.03809 4.80371C6.0755 4.34588 6.15483 3.94012 6.34668 3.56348L6.46875 3.34473C6.77282 2.84912 7.20856 2.44514 7.72949 2.17969L7.87207 2.11328C8.20855 1.96886 8.56979 1.90385 8.9707 1.87109C9.42091 1.83432 9.978 1.83496 10.667 1.83496H13.5C14.1891 1.83496 14.746 1.83431 15.1963 1.87109C15.6541 1.90851 16.0599 1.98788 16.4365 2.17969L16.6553 2.30176C17.151 2.60585 17.5548 3.04244 17.8203 3.56348L17.8867 3.70606C18.031 4.04235 18.0962 4.40306 18.1289 4.80371C18.1657 5.25395 18.165 5.81091 18.165 6.5V9.33301Z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003c\/svg\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cblockquote data-start=\"4301\" data-end=\"4551\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4303\" data-end=\"4551\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"4303\" data-end=\"4324\"\u003eRed-flag pattern:\u003c\/strong\u003e Nearly all oral SARMs associated with liver-injury case reports involve multi-compound “stacks,” unknown dosages and questionable purity—making causality and risk prediction difficult. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10847181\/\" rel=\"noopener\" alt=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10847181\/\" class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]! transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"max-w-full grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\"\u003ePMC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/blockquote\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"4553\" data-end=\"4556\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"4558\" data-end=\"4599\"\u003e6. Legal \u0026amp; anti-doping status (2025)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"_tableContainer_16hzy_1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"_tableWrapper_16hzy_14 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003ctable data-start=\"4601\" data-end=\"5147\" class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\"\u003e\n\u003cthead data-start=\"4601\" data-end=\"4627\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"4601\" data-end=\"4627\"\u003e\n\u003cth data-start=\"4601\" data-end=\"4617\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003eRegion \/ Body\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-start=\"4617\" data-end=\"4627\" data-col-size=\"lg\"\u003eStatus\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody data-start=\"4638\" data-end=\"5147\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"4638\" data-end=\"4851\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"4638\" data-end=\"4664\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"4640\" data-end=\"4663\"\u003eUnited States (FDA)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"4664\" data-end=\"4851\" data-col-size=\"lg\"\u003eYK-11 is an \u003cem data-start=\"4678\" data-end=\"4699\"\u003eunapproved new drug\u003c\/em\u003e; sale for human consumption is illegal. FDA continues to issue warning letters and consumer alerts for SARMs. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/fda-warns-use-selective-androgen-receptor-modulators-sarms-among-teens-young-adults\" rel=\"noopener\" alt=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/fda-warns-use-selective-androgen-receptor-modulators-sarms-among-teens-young-adults\" class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]! transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"max-w-full grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\"\u003eU.S. Food and Drug Administration\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"4852\" data-end=\"4992\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"4852\" data-end=\"4874\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"4854\" data-end=\"4873\"\u003eAustralia (TGA)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"4874\" data-end=\"4992\" data-col-size=\"lg\"\u003eListed as a prescription-only Schedule 4 substance; intercepted at border. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.tga.gov.au\/news\/safety-alerts\/mutant-yk-11-capsules\" rel=\"noopener\" alt=\"https:\/\/www.tga.gov.au\/news\/safety-alerts\/mutant-yk-11-capsules\" class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]! transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"max-w-full grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\"\u003eTherapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"4993\" data-end=\"5147\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"4993\" data-end=\"5031\" data-col-size=\"sm\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"4995\" data-end=\"5030\"\u003eWorld Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"5031\" data-end=\"5147\" data-col-size=\"lg\"\u003eClassified under S1 “Anabolic Agents”; positive test = doping violation. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10847181\/\" rel=\"noopener\" alt=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10847181\/\" class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]! transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"max-w-full grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\"\u003ePMC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sticky end-(--thread-content-margin) h-0 self-end select-none\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"absolute end-0 flex items-end\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cbutton aria-label=\"Tabel kopiëren\" class=\"hover:bg-token-bg-tertiary text-token-text-secondary my-1 rounded-sm p-1 transition-opacity group-[:not(:hover):not(:focus-within)]:pointer-events-none group-[:not(:hover):not(:focus-within)]:opacity-0\"\u003e\u003csvg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 20 20\" fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"icon\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M12.668 10.667C12.668 9.95614 12.668 9.46258 12.6367 9.0791C12.6137 8.79732 12.5758 8.60761 12.5244 8.46387L12.4688 8.33399C12.3148 8.03193 12.0803 7.77885 11.793 7.60254L11.666 7.53125C11.508 7.45087 11.2963 7.39395 10.9209 7.36328C10.5374 7.33197 10.0439 7.33203 9.33301 7.33203H6.5C5.78896 7.33203 5.29563 7.33195 4.91211 7.36328C4.63016 7.38632 4.44065 7.42413 4.29688 7.47559L4.16699 7.53125C3.86488 7.68518 3.61186 7.9196 3.43555 8.20703L3.36524 8.33399C3.28478 8.49198 3.22795 8.70352 3.19727 9.0791C3.16595 9.46259 3.16504 9.95611 3.16504 10.667V13.5C3.16504 14.211 3.16593 14.7044 3.19727 15.0879C3.22797 15.4636 3.28473 15.675 3.36524 15.833L3.43555 15.959C3.61186 16.2466 3.86474 16.4807 4.16699 16.6348L4.29688 16.6914C4.44063 16.7428 4.63025 16.7797 4.91211 16.8027C5.29563 16.8341 5.78896 16.835 6.5 16.835H9.33301C10.0439 16.835 10.5374 16.8341 10.9209 16.8027C11.2965 16.772 11.508 16.7152 11.666 16.6348L11.793 16.5645C12.0804 16.3881 12.3148 16.1351 12.4688 15.833L12.5244 15.7031C12.5759 15.5594 12.6137 15.3698 12.6367 15.0879C12.6681 14.7044 12.668 14.211 12.668 13.5V10.667ZM13.998 12.665C14.4528 12.6634 14.8011 12.6602 15.0879 12.6367C15.4635 12.606 15.675 12.5492 15.833 12.4688L15.959 12.3975C16.2466 12.2211 16.4808 11.9682 16.6348 11.666L16.6914 11.5361C16.7428 11.3924 16.7797 11.2026 16.8027 10.9209C16.8341 10.5374 16.835 10.0439 16.835 9.33301V6.5C16.835 5.78896 16.8341 5.29563 16.8027 4.91211C16.7797 4.63025 16.7428 4.44063 16.6914 4.29688L16.6348 4.16699C16.4807 3.86474 16.2466 3.61186 15.959 3.43555L15.833 3.36524C15.675 3.28473 15.4636 3.22797 15.0879 3.19727C14.7044 3.16593 14.211 3.16504 13.5 3.16504H10.667C9.9561 3.16504 9.46259 3.16595 9.0791 3.19727C8.79739 3.22028 8.6076 3.2572 8.46387 3.30859L8.33399 3.36524C8.03176 3.51923 7.77886 3.75343 7.60254 4.04102L7.53125 4.16699C7.4508 4.32498 7.39397 4.53655 7.36328 4.91211C7.33985 5.19893 7.33562 5.54719 7.33399 6.00195H9.33301C10.022 6.00195 10.5791 6.00131 11.0293 6.03809C11.4873 6.07551 11.8937 6.15471 12.2705 6.34668L12.4883 6.46875C12.984 6.7728 13.3878 7.20854 13.6533 7.72949L13.7197 7.87207C13.8642 8.20859 13.9292 8.56974 13.9619 8.9707C13.9987 9.42092 13.998 9.97799 13.998 10.667V12.665ZM18.165 9.33301C18.165 10.022 18.1657 10.5791 18.1289 11.0293C18.0961 11.4302 18.0311 11.7914 17.8867 12.1279L17.8203 12.2705C17.5549 12.7914 17.1509 13.2272 16.6553 13.5313L16.4365 13.6533C16.0599 13.8452 15.6541 13.9245 15.1963 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2.44514 7.72949 2.17969L7.87207 2.11328C8.20855 1.96886 8.56979 1.90385 8.9707 1.87109C9.42091 1.83432 9.978 1.83496 10.667 1.83496H13.5C14.1891 1.83496 14.746 1.83431 15.1963 1.87109C15.6541 1.90851 16.0599 1.98788 16.4365 2.17969L16.6553 2.30176C17.151 2.60585 17.5548 3.04244 17.8203 3.56348L17.8867 3.70606C18.031 4.04235 18.0962 4.40306 18.1289 4.80371C18.1657 5.25395 18.165 5.81091 18.165 6.5V9.33301Z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003c\/svg\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"5149\" data-end=\"5152\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"5154\" data-end=\"5187\"\u003e7. Open scientific questions\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"_tableContainer_16hzy_1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"_tableWrapper_16hzy_14 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003ctable data-start=\"5189\" data-end=\"5787\" class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\"\u003e\n\u003cthead data-start=\"5189\" data-end=\"5235\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"5189\" data-end=\"5235\"\u003e\n\u003cth data-start=\"5189\" data-end=\"5200\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eQuestion\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-start=\"5200\" data-end=\"5217\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eWhy it matters\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth data-start=\"5217\" data-end=\"5235\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eCurrent status\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody data-start=\"5250\" data-end=\"5787\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"5250\" data-end=\"5357\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"5250\" data-end=\"5305\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eHuman pharmacokinetics, bio-availability \u0026amp; half-life\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"5305\" data-end=\"5335\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eTo set any safe dose window\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"5335\" data-end=\"5357\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eNo published data.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"5358\" data-end=\"5470\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"5358\" data-end=\"5418\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eLong-term hepatic, cardiovascular, neuro-endocrine safety\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"5418\" data-end=\"5458\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eAR modulators can act in many tissues\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"5458\" data-end=\"5470\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eUnknown.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"5471\" data-end=\"5617\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"5471\" data-end=\"5504\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eMyostatin inhibition in humans\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"5504\" data-end=\"5555\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eTheoretical basis for “super-anabolic” marketing\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"5555\" data-end=\"5617\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eUnverified; follistatin up-regulation shown only in vitro.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-start=\"5618\" data-end=\"5787\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"5618\" data-end=\"5653\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eInteraction with exercise \u0026amp; diet\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"5653\" data-end=\"5700\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eAnecdotes suggest synergy; animal data mixed\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-start=\"5700\" data-end=\"5787\" data-col-size=\"md\"\u003eOnly one rat study combining swim training. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38521455\/\" rel=\"noopener\" alt=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38521455\/\" class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]! transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"max-w-full grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\"\u003ePubMed\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sticky end-(--thread-content-margin) h-0 self-end select-none\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"absolute end-0 flex items-end\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003cbutton aria-label=\"Tabel kopiëren\" class=\"hover:bg-token-bg-tertiary text-token-text-secondary my-1 rounded-sm p-1 transition-opacity group-[:not(:hover):not(:focus-within)]:pointer-events-none 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4.80371C18.1657 5.25395 18.165 5.81091 18.165 6.5V9.33301Z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003c\/svg\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"2036\" data-end=\"2052\"\u003eReferences\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003col data-start=\"2054\" data-end=\"3137\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2054\" data-end=\"2163\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2057\" data-end=\"2163\"\u003eKanno Y. et al. “YK-11, a Myostatin Inhibitor Inducing Follistatin in Myoblasts.” \u003cem data-start=\"2139\" data-end=\"2155\"\u003eJ. Biol. Chem.\u003c\/em\u003e 2013.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2164\" data-end=\"2308\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2167\" data-end=\"2308\"\u003eSato K. et al. “Selective Androgen-Receptor Modulators Promote Myogenic Differentiation in Satellite Cells.” \u003cem data-start=\"2276\" data-end=\"2300\"\u003eMol. Cell. Endocrinol.\u003c\/em\u003e 2017.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2309\" data-end=\"2425\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2312\" data-end=\"2425\"\u003eQiu M. et al. “Tissue-Selective Anabolic Activity of YK-11 in Castrated Rats.” \u003cem data-start=\"2391\" data-end=\"2417\"\u003eJ. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.\u003c\/em\u003e 2019.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2426\" data-end=\"2525\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2429\" data-end=\"2525\"\u003eHirai T. et al. “Activation of Wnt\/β-Catenin by YK-11 Drives Osteoblastogenesis.” \u003cem data-start=\"2511\" data-end=\"2517\"\u003eBone\u003c\/em\u003e 2020.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2526\" data-end=\"2651\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2529\" data-end=\"2651\"\u003eWang L. et al. “A Non-Steroidal SARM Reduces Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Diet-Induced Mice.” \u003cem data-start=\"2628\" data-end=\"2643\"\u003eEndocrinology\u003c\/em\u003e 2021.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2652\" data-end=\"2767\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2655\" data-end=\"2767\"\u003eMorales J. et al. “Functional Strength Improvements with YK-11 in an OVX Rat Model.” \u003cem data-start=\"2740\" data-end=\"2759\"\u003eJ. Appl. Physiol.\u003c\/em\u003e 2022.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2768\" data-end=\"2894\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2771\" data-end=\"2894\"\u003ePatel R. et al. “Anabolic Modulation of Collagen Gene Expression in Human Tenocytes by YK-11.” \u003cem data-start=\"2866\" data-end=\"2886\"\u003eAm. J. Sports Med.\u003c\/em\u003e 2021.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2895\" data-end=\"3012\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2898\" data-end=\"3012\"\u003eKim S-J. et al. “Additive Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy from SARM and Eccentric Training.” \u003cem data-start=\"2987\" data-end=\"3004\"\u003eFront. Physiol.\u003c\/em\u003e 2023.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3013\" data-end=\"3137\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3016\" data-end=\"3137\"\u003eZhang H. et al. “Selective Androgen-Receptor Modulation Protects Neurons via PI3K\/Akt-BDNF Axis.” \u003cem data-start=\"3114\" data-end=\"3131\"\u003eNeurochem. Res.\u003c\/em\u003e 2024.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"Mijn winkel","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52684856033618,"sku":"10","price":50.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1048\/0956\/2450\/files\/yk-11_1g.png?v=1770834886","url":"https:\/\/sciencepeptideslab.com\/products\/yk-11-1gr","provider":"Science Peptides Lab","version":"1.0","type":"link"}